diff --git a/test/test_flop_counter.py b/test/test_flop_counter.py
index f8cf07d2fcfa..b17e539535d9 100644
--- a/test/test_flop_counter.py
+++ b/test/test_flop_counter.py
@@ -247,6 +247,40 @@ class TestFlopCounter(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(len(model._forward_pre_hooks), 0)
         self.assertEqual(len(model._forward_hooks), 0)
 
+    def test_pytrees(self):
+        class Foo(torch.nn.Module):
+            def forward(self, x):
+                x = x['a'].relu_()
+                return {'a': torch.mm(x, x)}
+
+        class Mod(torch.nn.Module):
+            def __init__(self):
+                super().__init__()
+                self.a = Foo()
+                self.b = Foo()
+
+            def forward(self, x):
+                return self.b(self.a(x))
+
+        mod = Mod()
+        mode = FlopCounterMode(mod)
+        with mode:
+            mod({'a': torch.randn(10, 10, requires_grad=True).clone()})['a'].sum().backward()
+        self.assertExpectedInline((mode.flop_counts['Mod'][torch.ops.aten.mm]), """12000""")
+
+        class Mod2(torch.nn.Module):
+            def forward(self, x):
+                return (torch.mm(x, x),)
+
+        mod = Mod2()
+        mode = FlopCounterMode(mod)
+        with mode:
+            mod(torch.randn(10, 10, requires_grad=True))[0].sum().backward()
+        self.assertExpectedInline((mode.flop_counts['Mod2'][torch.ops.aten.mm]), """6000""")
+
+
+
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     run_tests()
diff --git a/torch/utils/flop_counter.py b/torch/utils/flop_counter.py
index c7dc1738ffe8..27319eb939f1 100644
--- a/torch/utils/flop_counter.py
+++ b/torch/utils/flop_counter.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import torch
 import torch.nn as nn
-from torch.utils._pytree import tree_map
+from torch.utils._pytree import tree_map, tree_flatten, tree_unflatten
 from typing import List, Any, Dict, Optional, Union, NamedTuple
 from collections import defaultdict
 from torch.utils._python_dispatch import TorchDispatchMode
@@ -248,13 +248,24 @@ def convert_to_percent_str(num, denom):
         return "0%"
     return f"{num / denom:.2%}"
 
+def _pytreeify_preserve_structure(f):
+    @wraps(f)
+    def nf(args):
+        flat_args, spec = tree_flatten(args)
+        out = f(*flat_args)
+        return tree_unflatten(out, spec)
+
+    return nf
+
 
 class FlopCounterMode(TorchDispatchMode):
     """
     ``FlopCounterMode`` is a context manager that counts the number of
     flops within its context. It does this using a ``TorchDispatchMode``.
 
-    It also supports hierarchical output by passing a module (or list of modules) to FlopCounterMode on construction.
+    It also supports hierarchical output by passing a module (or list of
+    modules) to FlopCounterMode on construction. If you do not need hierarchical
+    output, you do not need to use it with a module.
 
     Example usage
 
@@ -298,6 +309,7 @@ class FlopCounterMode(TorchDispatchMode):
                     name = prefix
                 else:
                     name = ".".join([prefix, name])
+
                 forward_pre_hook_handle = module.register_forward_pre_hook(self._enter_module(name))
                 forward_hook_handle = module.register_forward_hook(self._exit_module(name))
                 self._module_to_forward_hook_handles[module] = _ForwardHookHandles(
@@ -312,16 +324,15 @@ class FlopCounterMode(TorchDispatchMode):
 
     def _enter_module(self, name):
         def f(module, inputs):
-            inputs = normalize_tuple(inputs)
-            out = self._create_pre_module(name)(*inputs)
+            out = _pytreeify_preserve_structure(self._create_pre_module(name))(inputs)
             return out
 
         return f
 
     def _exit_module(self, name):
         def f(module, inputs, outputs):
-            outputs = normalize_tuple(outputs)
-            return self._create_post_module(name)(*outputs)
+            outputs = _pytreeify_preserve_structure(self._create_post_module(name))(outputs)
+            return outputs
         return f
 
     def _create_post_module(self, name):
@@ -331,8 +342,6 @@ class FlopCounterMode(TorchDispatchMode):
                 assert(self.parents[-1] == name)
                 self.parents.pop()
                 args = tree_map(lambda x: x.clone() if isinstance(x, torch.Tensor) else x, args)
-                if len(args) == 1:
-                    return args[0]
                 return args
 
             @staticmethod
@@ -348,8 +357,6 @@ class FlopCounterMode(TorchDispatchMode):
             def forward(ctx, *args):
                 self.parents.append(name)
                 args = tree_map(lambda x: x.clone() if isinstance(x, torch.Tensor) else x, args)
-                if len(args) == 1:
-                    return args[0]
                 return args
 
             @staticmethod