Make the name assert actually do something, and reserve some more names (#157342)

Signed-off-by: Edward Yang <ezyang@meta.com>
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/pull/157342
Approved by: https://github.com/albanD

torch/_logging/_internal.py

@@ -1235,12 +1235,16 @@ def trace_structured(
     payload is an arbitrary string, which can be arbitrarily long (but expected to have
     newlines so no lines are too long)
     """
-    assert "name" not in [
+    assert name not in [
         "rank",
         "compiled_autograd_id",
         "frame_id",
         "frame_compile_id",
         "attempt",
+        "severity",
+        "timestamp",
+        "pathname",
+        "thread",
     ]
     assert callable(metadata_fn), (
         f"metadata_fn should be callable, but got {type(metadata_fn)}"